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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00107_Field_frep87.txt
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1996-12-30
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I suspect light-dark contours
are the most important
component of our perception,
but they are surely not the only
component. The coloring of
objects certainly helps in
defining their contours,
although our recent work tends
to emphasize the limitations of
color in defining forms. The
shading of objects, consisting of
gradual light-dark transitions,
as well as their textures, can
give important clues
concerning shape and depth.
Although the cells we have
been discussing could
conceivably contribute to the
perception of shading and
texture, we would certainly not
expect them to respond to
either quality with
enthusiasm. How our brain
handles textures is still not
clear. One guess is that complex
cells do mediate shades and
textures without the help of
any other specialized sets of
cells. Such stimuli may not
activate many cells very
efficiently, but the spatial
extension that is an essential
attribute of shading or texture
may make many cells respond,
all in a moderate or weak way.
Perhaps lukewarm responses
from many cells are enough to
transmit the information to
higher levels.
Many people, including
myself, still have trouble
accepting the idea that the
interior of a form (such as the
kidney bean) does not itself
excite cells in our brain--that
our awareness of the interior as
black or white (or colored, as
we will see in Chapter 8)
depends only on cells sensitive
to the borders. The intellectual
argument is that the perception
of an evenly lit interior
depends on the activation of
cells having fields at the
borders and on the absence of
activation of cells whose fields
are within the borders, since
such activation would indicate
that the interior is not evenly
lit. So our perception of the
interior as black, white, gray,
or green has nothing to do with
cells whose fields are in the
interior--hard as that may be to
swallow. But if an engineer
were designing a machine to
encode such a form, I think
this is exactly what he would
do. What happens at the borders
is the only information you
need to know: the interior is
boring. Who could imagine that
the brain would not evolve in
such a way as to handle the
information with the least
number of cells?